> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.theblockchainlibrary.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain

> This whitepaper introduces Solana, a novel blockchain architecture designed to achieve high throughput and low latency without resorting to sharding or Layer 2

# Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain

This whitepaper introduces Solana, a novel blockchain architecture designed to achieve high throughput and low latency without resorting to sharding or Layer 2

## Abstract

This whitepaper introduces Solana, a novel blockchain architecture designed to achieve high throughput and low latency without resorting to sharding or Layer 2 solutions. The core innovation lies in its Proof-of-History (PoH) mechanism, a verifiable delay function that creates a cryptographically secure, high-frequency clock across the distributed network. PoH enables nodes to agree on the order of events without relying on timestamps from other nodes, thereby significantly increasing transaction processing speed. Complementing PoH, Solana integrates other architectural advancements including Tower BFT (a PoH-optimized version of PBFT), Gulf Stream (a mempool-less transaction forwarding protocol), Sealevel (a parallel smart contract runtime), and Turbine (a block propagation protocol). The combination of these innovations aims to overcome traditional blockchain bottlenecks, claiming to achieve tens of thousands of transactions per second and sub-second finality. This paper outlines a distinct approach to blockchain scalability, emphasizing internal architectural optimization to enhance performance.

**Authors:** Anatoly Yakovenko

**Publication:** Project Whitepaper

**Publication date:** 2017-01-01

## Key findings

* Solana introduces Proof-of-History (PoH), a global clock for ordering events, as its foundational innovation.
* PoH enables high transaction throughput and low latency without sharding or Layer 2.
* The architecture integrates several novel components like Tower BFT, Sealevel, Gulf Stream, and Turbine.
* It aims to process tens of thousands of transactions per second with sub-second finality.
* Solana represents an alternative scaling paradigm focused on optimizing internal blockchain architecture.

## Citation

Anatoly Yakovenko (2017). Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain. Project Whitepaper. [https://solana.com/solana-whitepaper.pdf](https://solana.com/solana-whitepaper.pdf)

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***

**Canonical knowledge ID:** `research:solana-a-new-architecture-for-a-high-performance-blockchain`