> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.theblockchainlibrary.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Quantum and Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Systematic Survey

> This comprehensive survey provides an exhaustive literature review of the intersection between quantum mechanics and distributed ledger technology as of 2026. T

# Quantum and Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Systematic Survey

This comprehensive survey provides an exhaustive literature review of the intersection between quantum mechanics and distributed ledger technology as of 2026. T

## Abstract

This comprehensive survey provides an exhaustive literature review of the intersection between quantum mechanics and distributed ledger technology as of 2026. The authors categorize current quantum-resilient approaches into pre-quantum legacy systems and post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) implementations. The survey evaluates the efficiency of various signature schemes, such as XMSS and SPHINCS+, in the context of on-chain verification performance and storage overhead. It further analyzes the trade-offs between security levels and bandwidth requirements for block propagation in a quantum-secure environment. The paper concludes with a roadmap for transitioning current networks to quantum-safe stateful and stateless signature schemes, emphasizing the need for standardized PQC algorithms that minimize impact on throughput and latency.

**Authors:** Ruwanga Konara, Awansika Nimuthumana, Asanka Sayakkara, Anuradha Mahasinghe, Kasun De Zoysa

**Publication:** IACR ePrint Archive

**Publication date:** 2026-01-01

## Key findings

* Transitioning to post-quantum signatures increases data footprint on-chain significantly.
* Stateful signature schemes offer higher efficiency but pose challenges in key management.
* Systematic standardization is required for interoperability in quantum-safe DLTs.
* Performance degradation is a critical barrier to widespread PQC adoption.

## Citation

Ruwanga Konara, Awansika Nimuthumana, Asanka Sayakkara, Anuradha Mahasinghe, Kasun De Zoysa (2026). Quantum and Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Systematic Survey. IACR ePrint Archive. [https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/1017](https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/1017)

## Related knowledge

* [ABI](/generated/v2/glossary/abi) — glossary
* [ABI](/generated/v2/glossary/abi) — related-glossary
* [Based Rollup](/generated/v2/glossary/based-rollup) — glossary
* [Based Rollup](/generated/v2/glossary/based-rollup) — related-glossary
* [Blob](/generated/v2/glossary/blob) — glossary
* [Blob](/generated/v2/glossary/blob) — related-glossary
* [From Throughput to Reliability: The New Metrics That Matter](/generated/v2/topics/from-throughput-to-reliability-the-new-metrics-that-matter) — article
* [From Throughput to Reliability: The New Metrics That Matter](/generated/v2/topics/from-throughput-to-reliability-the-new-metrics-that-matter) — related-article
* [Layer 3 in Blockchain: The Next Big Thing for Crypto Scalability?](/generated/v2/topics/layer-3-in-blockchain-the-next-big-thing-for-crypto-scalability) — article
* [Layer 3 in Blockchain: The Next Big Thing for Crypto Scalability?](/generated/v2/topics/layer-3-in-blockchain-the-next-big-thing-for-crypto-scalability) — related-article
* [Layer 3: The Next Frontier in Blockchain Scalability](/generated/v2/topics/layer-3-the-next-frontier-in-blockchain-scalability) — article
* [Layer 3: The Next Frontier in Blockchain Scalability](/generated/v2/topics/layer-3-the-next-frontier-in-blockchain-scalability) — related-article
* [Optimistic Rollup](/generated/v2/glossary/optimistic-rollup) — glossary
* [Optimistic Rollup](/generated/v2/glossary/optimistic-rollup) — related-glossary
* [State Channel](/generated/v2/glossary/state-channel) — glossary
* [State Channel](/generated/v2/glossary/state-channel) — related-glossary

***

**Canonical knowledge ID:** `research:quantum-and-post-quantum-blockchain-a-systematic-survey`