Skip to main content

​
Blockchain and Quantum Computing

This seminal report by MITRE researchers examines the theoretical implications of quantum computing for current blockchain cryptographic standards. The authors

​
Abstract

This seminal report by MITRE researchers examines the theoretical implications of quantum computing for current blockchain cryptographic standards. The authors explore how Shor’s algorithm potentially threatens the integrity of elliptic curve cryptography used in popular blockchain systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum. The report provides a structured overview of quantum threats, including the ability to solve discrete logarithm problems and integer factorization, which form the bedrock of current digital signature schemes. It argues that while universal fault-tolerant quantum computers remain in the development phase, the long-term viability of current blockchain architectures depends on proactive migration to quantum-resistant primitives. The methodology includes a threat model analysis and a discussion on the cryptographic agility required to update consensus mechanisms and wallet architectures against future adversarial capabilities. Authors: Brandon Rodenburg, Stephen P. Pappas Publication: Technical Report Publication date: 2017-01-01

​
Key findings

  • Current blockchain signature schemes rely on mathematical assumptions vulnerable to Shor’s algorithm.
  • The development of fault-tolerant quantum computers poses a systemic risk to transaction immutability.
  • Cryptographic agility is essential for future protocol upgrades.
  • Quantum risk assessment must be integrated into long-term blockchain architectural planning.

​
Citation

Brandon Rodenburg, Stephen P. Pappas (2017). Blockchain and Quantum Computing. Technical Report. https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/17-4039-blockchain-and-quantum-computing.pdf
Canonical knowledge ID: research:blockchain-and-quantum-computing